LED Sensors


Parts of the Arduino UNO

An LED attached to number 13, which behaves differently from the other outputs.

The clock sets the speed of the board measured in megahertz.

The reset button to reboot the board.

The microcontroller used to store information and can be removed to use separately.

The power supply does not require to be plugged in for the board to be used.

Software required is called Arduino IDE

Everything on this IDE is written on a loop.




void setup() - in this is where parameters are set for the digital pins telling them what they are if inputs or outputs and how fast they are communicating * with different speeds

most variables within the arudino code are best used globally as it can be used with every function created.

In this we will use Blink instead of Hello World to retrieve an output signal. The file is found in File > Examples > 1. Basics > Blink.




Within the above BLINK code it is translated as follows;

  • LED_BUILTIN = PIN 13 (on the Arduino UNO Board)
  • HIGH = 5 Volts
  • LOW = 3 Volts
  • delay (1000); = 1 second delay (recorded in milliseconds)
To upload this code to the board you will need the following;
  • UNO R3
  • USB Cable
Once the board is connected to the PC you will need to ensure your board and serial port are selected with Arduino UNO otherwise the upload will not work. To ensure it is done select Tools > Board > Arduino Uno and then Tools > Port, there your port should have Arduino Uno if the device is plugged into the PC. Uploading the code from the IDE you will need to click the right arrow shown below, the upload will be successful once the bottom of the window states "Done Uploading". On the Uno board once the code is uploaded the L, TX and RX will light up and blink fast until it flash one per second.


To externally control the speed of the blinks we will need to follow materials to be connected to the board;

  • Potentiometer
  • 3 BreadBoard Jumper Wires
  • Breadboard
The code to create this is called the AnalogReadSerial, it is found in File > Examples > 1. Basics > AnalogReadSerial.





Black wire = Ground (GND)
White wire = Output (A0)
Red wire = Power (5V)

After setting up the above images followed by uploading the code, then the L, TX and RX will blink fast and you can control the speed of the light from the potentiometer as seen in the video below.



The dialling of the potentiometer can be seen through the serial monitor in the top right corner of the IDE window.




 
This is when the potentiometer is turned to Low (ground)

This is when the potentiometer is turned to the Middle (output)

This is when the potentiometer is turned to High (power)



The above code is the combination of Blink and AnalogReadSerial to create "Blinkspeed" which controls the speed of the LED with the potentiometer. If serial monitor is opened at the same time you can also see the numbers as it increases and decreasing with each turn.


Replacing the potentiometer with LDRs (light dependent resistors) you will need a 10K Resistor and a Photoresistor. 



As you move your hand over the sensors it will either increase or decrease the speed of the flashes. The video below demonstrates how they act.
 






Footnote
Potentiometer (2017) Available at: https://components101.com/resistors/potentiometer (Accessed: 11 October 2023).






Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Multi-Sensor Health Monitor - Arduino Project

Image
  The final year project we've created an health monitor application which detected your heart rate along with the orientation of which you hold the device. It also indicates in various colours based on the amount of beats per minutes collected.  There were many issues that occurred with this project from the thought processes to initialising how to make each part work then combined. As the weeks rolled by things became clearer and provided a positive outcome. The concept and development of this project was challenging as there was a difficulty reading the data with the leads and electrodes to the replacement of what output would be used. It was a constant trial and error with various amounts of researching and testing. However, there is an issue where the electrodes work perfectly using just the heart rate and RGB coding but when combined with the MPU92/65 sensor it was difficult to spot where the mistake was.  Unfortunately, I was unable to resolve this matter although ...
Read more

Sensors and Actuators cont'd

Image
  Smart Systems and Sensors Continuing with the previous week's topic of Sensors. We've learned about the PIR sensor using different outputs. A PIR (Passive Infrared sensor) is an electronic device which measures with  infrared light from movements of people, animals or other objects. It is a motion detector to sense things within its line of sight. It is most commonly used in alarms or automatic activated lighting systems. To set up this device we need the following items to begin: PIR sensor (input) Arduino  USB Cable Yellow LED (short side -ve and long side +ve) (Output) F-M Dupont Wires Underneath and Underside of the PIR Side profile of the PIR All items required to create a motion detector To set this up I've use the following code to initialise it. Once the code is uploaded to the Arduino it has to calibrate for 30 seconds. The below video shows that although the code was uploaded correctly there was some issue which happened to be the LED was not lightin...
Read more

Recommender System

Recommender Systems What are they? Recommender systems are a class of information filtering methods that aim to predict user preferences or "items" that might interest the user based on their prior actions, behavior, or preferences. These systems are widely used in various domains, such as e-commerce (e.g., Amazon, eBay), entertainment (e.g., Netflix, Spotify), and social media (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn). Examples of Recommender Systems : Amazon: The e-commerce giant uses recommender systems to suggest products that users might like based on their browsing, purchase history, and other users' behavior. Netflix: The streaming service uses recommender systems to suggest movies, TV shows, and documentaries based on users' viewing history, ratings, and preferences. Spotify: The music streaming platform uses recommender systems to recommend songs, artists, and playlists to users based on their listening history and preferences. LinkedIn: The professional network uses recomm...
Read more